MAJOR CHALLENGES TO BE FACED WHILE IMPLEMENTING SMART GRID & PROJECTS IN INDIA
· social concerns over "fair" availability of electricity
· concern that complex rate systems (e.g. variable rates) remove clarity and accountability, allowing the supplier to take advantage of the customer
· concern over remotely controllable "kill switch" incorporated into most smart meters
· social concerns over Enron style abuses of information leverage
· concerns over giving the government mechanisms to control the use of all power using activities
· concerns over RF emissions from smart meters
Security
With the advent of cybercrime there is also concern on the security of the infrastructure, primarily that involving communications technology. Concerns chiefly center around the communications technology at the heart of the smart grid. Designed to allow real-time contact between utilities and meters in customers' homes and businesses, there is a risk that these capabilities could be exploited for criminal or even terrorist actions. One of the key capabilities of this connectivity is the ability to remotely switch off power supplies, enabling utilities to quickly and easily cease or modify supplies to customers who default on payment. This is undoubtedly a massive boon for energy providers, but also raises some significant security issues. Cybercriminals have infiltrated the U.S. electric grid before on numerous occasions. Aside from computer infiltration, there are also concerns that computer malware like Stuxnet, which targeted SCADA systems which are widely used in industry, could be used to attack a smart grid network.
Electricity theft is a concern in the U.S. where the smart meters being deployed use the RF technology of Fastrak transponders to communicate with the electricity transmission network. People with knowledge of electronics can devise interference devices to cause the smart meter to report lower than actual usage. Similarly, the same technology can be employed to make it appear that the energy the consumer is using is being used by another customer, increasing their bill.
OTHER CHALLENGES
Before a utility installs an advanced metering system, or any type of smart system, it must make a business case for the investment. Some components, like the power system stabilizers installed on generators are very expensive, require complex integration in the grid's control system, are needed only during emergencies, and are only effective if other suppliers on the network have them. Without any incentive to install them, power suppliers don't. Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a communications infrastructure for a single application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a utility must typically identify several applications that will use the same communications infrastructure – for example, reading a meter, monitoring power quality, remote connection and disconnection of customers, enabling demand response, etc. Ideally, the communications infrastructure will not only support near-term applications, but unanticipated applications that will arise in the future. Regulatory or legislative actions can also drive utilities to implement pieces of a smart grid puzzle. Each utility has a unique set of business, regulatory, and legislative drivers that guide its investments. This means that each utility will take a different path to creating their smart grid and that different utilities will create smart grids at different adoption rates.
Some features of smart grids draw opposition from industries that currently are, or hope to provide similar services.. Providers of SCADA control systems for grids have intentionally designed proprietary hardware, protocols and software so that they cannot inter-operate with other systems in order to tie its customers to the vendor.
Power Theft / Power Loss
Various "smart grid" systems have dual functions. This includes Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems which, when used with various software can be used to detect power theft and by process of elimination, detect where equipment failures have taken place. These are in addition to their primary functions of eliminating the need for human meter reading and measuring the time-of-use of electricity.
The worldwide power loss including theft is estimated at approximately two-hundred billion dollars annually.
1.UHBVN, Haryana
The project is located at Panipat City Subdivision (Haryana State). The pilot project covers 30,544 consumers and distribution system of 531 DTs. The area has around 131.8 MU input energy consumption. The proposed project area is covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening. The functionality of Peak load management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers.
2. CESC, Mysore
The project is located at Additional City Area Division (ACAD), Mysore. Project involves 21,824 consumers with a good mix of residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural consumers including 512 irrigation pump sets covering over 14 feeders and 473 distribution transformers and accounting for input energy of 151.89 MU. The functionalities of Peak load management, Outage Management are proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers and Integration to Distributed Generation / Micro Grid Integration. Some additional functionality like Agriculture DSM with community Portal, Consumer Portal to Support DSM/DR, Employee portal for Knowledge Sharing and Benefit realization, KPI based MIS and Data Analytics for decision Support are also proposed.
3.KSEB, Kerala
The project is located at Selected Distribution Section offices spread over the geographical area of Kerala State .Pilot is proposed for around 25078 LT Industrial consumers of Selected Distribution Section offices spread over the geographical area of Kerala State. The input energy for the total scheme area is mentioned as 2108 MUs and for the LT Industrial consumers is mentioned as 376 MUs. Part of this area is covered in R APDRP scheme. By implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) it is proposed to provide quality service, prevent tampering and unauthorized usage of load, accurate and timely metering and billing, avoiding costly field visits of Sub Engineers for meter reading, reducing supply restoration time, peak load management through load restriction for Remote Disconnection/Reconnection and Time of Day tariff.
4.Electricity Department, Government of Puducherry (PED)
The project is located at Division 1 of Puducherry. Project proposes covering 87031 no. of consumers with dominant being domestic consumers (79%). The area has around 367 MU input energy consumption. The proposed project area is also covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening which is likely to be completed in 2013.
5. UGVCL, Gujarat
The project is located at Naroda of Sabarmati circle which is an industrial and residential area and Deesa of Palanpur circle which is an agricultural area. Project proposes covering 20,524 consumers in Naroda and 18,898 agricultural unmetered consumers in Deesa-II division and accounting for input energy of around 1700MU (Naroda : 374.52 MU &Deesa : 1321.27 MU for 2010-11). The functionalities of Peak load management, Outage Management, Power Quality Management are proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Industrial, Commercial and Residential Consumers. Some additional functionalities like Load forecasting and Asset Management are also proposed and functionalities of load forecasting, peak power management and outage management are also considered at utility level which will impact all consumers of utility (i.e. 27 lac consumers) indirectly. Renewable energy integration has also been proposed to be carried out at Patan Solar Park and few roof top installations at some of the universities.
7. APDCL, Assam
The project is located at Guwahati distribution region. The pilot project covers 15,000 consumers involving 90MUs of input energy. APDCL is in the process IT Implementation under R-APDRP and SCADA/DMS implementation is also to be taken up shortly. APDCL has proposed the functionality of Peak Load Management using Industrial and Residential AMI, Integration of Distributed Generation (Solar and available back-up DG Set) and Outage Management system. The utility has envisaged that Power Quality Monitoring will be a by-product of the deployment.
8. MSEDCL, Maharashtra
The project is located at Baramati Town. Project proposes covering 25,629 consumers with a mix of residential, commercial and industrial consumers and input energy of 261.6 MU. The functionality of Outage management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers. In addition MSEDCL has proposed to leverage AMI for Remote connect/disconnect of customers, Monitoring the consumption pattern, Tamper detection, Contract load monitoring, Load curtailment program i.e. reduced power supply instead of no power scenario, Time of Use Metering and Dynamic and Real Time Pricing, Demand forecasting etc.
9. CSPDCL, Chhattisgarh
The project is located at Siltara – Urla area of Raipur District (Chhattisgarh State). The pilot project includes installing smart meters at 508 H.T. & L.T Industrial Consumer premises as well as Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) at 83 DTs. The area has around 2140.86 MU input energy consumption. The proposed project area is not covered under RAPDRP Scheme. The functionality of Peak load management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Industrial Consumers.
10. PSPCL, Punjab
The project is located at Industrial Division of City Circle Amritsar. The functionality of Outage Management (OM) is proposed to be implemented in the project area for all the 85746 consumers and distribution system in area using AMI by installing 9000 Smart Meters and by Transformer Monitoring. The proposed project area is covered under RAPDRP Scheme for SCADA Implementation and GIS Mapping.
11. WBSEDCL, West Bengal
The project is located at Siliguri Town in Darjeeling District. The pilot project proposes to take up 4 nos. of 11 KV feeders for implementation of Smart Grid covering 4404 consumers. The area has 42 MU input energy consumption. The utiliy has proposed the functionality of AT&C loss reduction and Peak Load Management using Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential and Industrial Consumers.
12. JVVNL, Rajasthan
The project is located at VKIA Jaipur. Project proposes covering 2646 no. of consumers, dominated by Industrial consumers (56.46%) and around 374.68 MU input energy consumption. Proposed project area is also covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening. The functionality of Peak load management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers.
13. HPSEB, Himachal Pradesh
The project is located at Industrial town of KalaAmb. The pilot project covers 650 consumers and having annual input energy of 533 MUs. The functionality of peak load management and outage management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Industrial Consumers, Distribution Automation and Substation Automation and power quality management by deploying Power Quality meters at HT consumers.
P.S.: Image belong to Yourstory.com
With the advent of cybercrime there is also concern on the security of the infrastructure, primarily that involving communications technology. Concerns chiefly center around the communications technology at the heart of the smart grid. Designed to allow real-time contact between utilities and meters in customers' homes and businesses, there is a risk that these capabilities could be exploited for criminal or even terrorist actions. One of the key capabilities of this connectivity is the ability to remotely switch off power supplies, enabling utilities to quickly and easily cease or modify supplies to customers who default on payment. This is undoubtedly a massive boon for energy providers, but also raises some significant security issues. Cybercriminals have infiltrated the U.S. electric grid before on numerous occasions. Aside from computer infiltration, there are also concerns that computer malware like Stuxnet, which targeted SCADA systems which are widely used in industry, could be used to attack a smart grid network.
Electricity theft is a concern in the U.S. where the smart meters being deployed use the RF technology of Fastrak transponders to communicate with the electricity transmission network. People with knowledge of electronics can devise interference devices to cause the smart meter to report lower than actual usage. Similarly, the same technology can be employed to make it appear that the energy the consumer is using is being used by another customer, increasing their bill.
OTHER CHALLENGES
Before a utility installs an advanced metering system, or any type of smart system, it must make a business case for the investment. Some components, like the power system stabilizers installed on generators are very expensive, require complex integration in the grid's control system, are needed only during emergencies, and are only effective if other suppliers on the network have them. Without any incentive to install them, power suppliers don't. Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a communications infrastructure for a single application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a utility must typically identify several applications that will use the same communications infrastructure – for example, reading a meter, monitoring power quality, remote connection and disconnection of customers, enabling demand response, etc. Ideally, the communications infrastructure will not only support near-term applications, but unanticipated applications that will arise in the future. Regulatory or legislative actions can also drive utilities to implement pieces of a smart grid puzzle. Each utility has a unique set of business, regulatory, and legislative drivers that guide its investments. This means that each utility will take a different path to creating their smart grid and that different utilities will create smart grids at different adoption rates.
Some features of smart grids draw opposition from industries that currently are, or hope to provide similar services.. Providers of SCADA control systems for grids have intentionally designed proprietary hardware, protocols and software so that they cannot inter-operate with other systems in order to tie its customers to the vendor.
Power Theft / Power Loss
Various "smart grid" systems have dual functions. This includes Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems which, when used with various software can be used to detect power theft and by process of elimination, detect where equipment failures have taken place. These are in addition to their primary functions of eliminating the need for human meter reading and measuring the time-of-use of electricity.
The worldwide power loss including theft is estimated at approximately two-hundred billion dollars annually.
Smart Grid Project in India
1.UHBVN, Haryana
The project is located at Panipat City Subdivision (Haryana State). The pilot project covers 30,544 consumers and distribution system of 531 DTs. The area has around 131.8 MU input energy consumption. The proposed project area is covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening. The functionality of Peak load management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers.
2. CESC, Mysore
The project is located at Additional City Area Division (ACAD), Mysore. Project involves 21,824 consumers with a good mix of residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural consumers including 512 irrigation pump sets covering over 14 feeders and 473 distribution transformers and accounting for input energy of 151.89 MU. The functionalities of Peak load management, Outage Management are proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers and Integration to Distributed Generation / Micro Grid Integration. Some additional functionality like Agriculture DSM with community Portal, Consumer Portal to Support DSM/DR, Employee portal for Knowledge Sharing and Benefit realization, KPI based MIS and Data Analytics for decision Support are also proposed.
3.KSEB, Kerala
The project is located at Selected Distribution Section offices spread over the geographical area of Kerala State .Pilot is proposed for around 25078 LT Industrial consumers of Selected Distribution Section offices spread over the geographical area of Kerala State. The input energy for the total scheme area is mentioned as 2108 MUs and for the LT Industrial consumers is mentioned as 376 MUs. Part of this area is covered in R APDRP scheme. By implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) it is proposed to provide quality service, prevent tampering and unauthorized usage of load, accurate and timely metering and billing, avoiding costly field visits of Sub Engineers for meter reading, reducing supply restoration time, peak load management through load restriction for Remote Disconnection/Reconnection and Time of Day tariff.
4.Electricity Department, Government of Puducherry (PED)
The project is located at Division 1 of Puducherry. Project proposes covering 87031 no. of consumers with dominant being domestic consumers (79%). The area has around 367 MU input energy consumption. The proposed project area is also covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening which is likely to be completed in 2013.
5. UGVCL, Gujarat
The project is located at Naroda of Sabarmati circle which is an industrial and residential area and Deesa of Palanpur circle which is an agricultural area. Project proposes covering 20,524 consumers in Naroda and 18,898 agricultural unmetered consumers in Deesa-II division and accounting for input energy of around 1700MU (Naroda : 374.52 MU &Deesa : 1321.27 MU for 2010-11). The functionalities of Peak load management, Outage Management, Power Quality Management are proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Industrial, Commercial and Residential Consumers. Some additional functionalities like Load forecasting and Asset Management are also proposed and functionalities of load forecasting, peak power management and outage management are also considered at utility level which will impact all consumers of utility (i.e. 27 lac consumers) indirectly. Renewable energy integration has also been proposed to be carried out at Patan Solar Park and few roof top installations at some of the universities.
7. APDCL, Assam
The project is located at Guwahati distribution region. The pilot project covers 15,000 consumers involving 90MUs of input energy. APDCL is in the process IT Implementation under R-APDRP and SCADA/DMS implementation is also to be taken up shortly. APDCL has proposed the functionality of Peak Load Management using Industrial and Residential AMI, Integration of Distributed Generation (Solar and available back-up DG Set) and Outage Management system. The utility has envisaged that Power Quality Monitoring will be a by-product of the deployment.
8. MSEDCL, Maharashtra
The project is located at Baramati Town. Project proposes covering 25,629 consumers with a mix of residential, commercial and industrial consumers and input energy of 261.6 MU. The functionality of Outage management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers. In addition MSEDCL has proposed to leverage AMI for Remote connect/disconnect of customers, Monitoring the consumption pattern, Tamper detection, Contract load monitoring, Load curtailment program i.e. reduced power supply instead of no power scenario, Time of Use Metering and Dynamic and Real Time Pricing, Demand forecasting etc.
9. CSPDCL, Chhattisgarh
The project is located at Siltara – Urla area of Raipur District (Chhattisgarh State). The pilot project includes installing smart meters at 508 H.T. & L.T Industrial Consumer premises as well as Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) at 83 DTs. The area has around 2140.86 MU input energy consumption. The proposed project area is not covered under RAPDRP Scheme. The functionality of Peak load management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Industrial Consumers.
10. PSPCL, Punjab
The project is located at Industrial Division of City Circle Amritsar. The functionality of Outage Management (OM) is proposed to be implemented in the project area for all the 85746 consumers and distribution system in area using AMI by installing 9000 Smart Meters and by Transformer Monitoring. The proposed project area is covered under RAPDRP Scheme for SCADA Implementation and GIS Mapping.
11. WBSEDCL, West Bengal
The project is located at Siliguri Town in Darjeeling District. The pilot project proposes to take up 4 nos. of 11 KV feeders for implementation of Smart Grid covering 4404 consumers. The area has 42 MU input energy consumption. The utiliy has proposed the functionality of AT&C loss reduction and Peak Load Management using Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential and Industrial Consumers.
12. JVVNL, Rajasthan
The project is located at VKIA Jaipur. Project proposes covering 2646 no. of consumers, dominated by Industrial consumers (56.46%) and around 374.68 MU input energy consumption. Proposed project area is also covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening. The functionality of Peak load management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Residential Consumers and Industrial Consumers.
13. HPSEB, Himachal Pradesh
The project is located at Industrial town of KalaAmb. The pilot project covers 650 consumers and having annual input energy of 533 MUs. The functionality of peak load management and outage management is proposed by implementing Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Industrial Consumers, Distribution Automation and Substation Automation and power quality management by deploying Power Quality meters at HT consumers.
P.S.: Image belong to Yourstory.com
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